Climate Change and Vulnerability of Biodiversity: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22100715Keywords:
Climate change mitigation , Habitat connectivity , Anthropogenic activity , Sustainability, EcosystemAbstract
Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, driven largely by anthropogenic activities and pollution. This review highlights the effects of climate change on biodiversity vulnerability across species, genetic diversity, populations, communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, shifting climate zones, droughts, floods, sea-level rise, and other extreme events can exceed the adaptive capacity of many organisms, disrupt ecosystem structure and function, and threaten ecological stability. Climate change also modifies the spatial and temporal distribution of suitable habitats, potentially limiting species migration and intensifying habitat loss and degradation. In many species, competition may have stronger effects on growth and mortality risk than climate variation across space and time. These interacting pressures contribute significantly to biodiversity decline and species extinction worldwide. Addressing these impacts requires collaboration among researchers, local communities, governments, and the private sector to support climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, environmental sustainability, and societal well-being.
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